In the late 1800's and though the earlier 1900's it was a common practice in the US to winter bees in special bee houses or cellars. This was over time abandoned due to various reasons.
Here is a classic pamphlet from the Unites States Department of Agriculture on the subject. Moisture was a common problem in cellars.
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A Packing case |
During this same time frame it was common that beehives left outdoor received some form of outer weather protector. Double wall hives, hive covers and wraps started to be used and of various designs.
Today, most beekeepers winter their bees outdoors. There are various thoughts, designs, devices and treatments used depending on your location and local practice.